https://lnkd.in/b3Kq7BA
Tuesday, March 31, 2015
Safety or Cheaper ?
https://lnkd.in/b3Kq7BA
Monday, March 30, 2015
Air Canada plane runs off runway after landing at Halifax airport
Friday, March 27, 2015
Tough Time for Lufthansa Airlines
The German airline Lufthansa, subsidiary Germanwings of the aircraft decrease in rough having .German airline Lufthansa, in the past year pilots many times on strike to go due to the largest financial loss, subsidiary Germanwings of the aircraft to drop in the company' s prestige loss of undergo and rough caused. High costs, strikes and the Gulf airways hard competition Lufthansa in 2014 damage to come caused. in 2014 about 732 euros in loss company, of 2014 since April made strikes due to the 232 euros damage has. Also the company, damage due to shareholders profit share and the stock market shares value had lost. Swiss and Austrian airline companies to take, but enough profit due to the new investments can not the company, fleets of renovation possibility of the limited the. Lufthansa, by 2025 38 billion euros 272 new aircraft has ordered but, the company' s current conditions these orders about paying distress will capture is thought. Growth capacity down was taken also Lufthansa Group, last year in a statement of 2015 planned for growth capacity of revenues pressures due to the current seat/ miles of the basis of percent than 5 to 3 percent downloaded had reported. Earlier in 2015 2 billion euros profit to planning to the company, this goal of target the likely not stated. Lufthansa in terms, other controversial issues One of oil prices Date of levels to fall, but ticket prices do not fall was. The company, cheap flights from that perform airline companies improve the competitiveness in order to in 2002 Germanwings company founded. New company Lufthansa in some by people too much and large resistance encountered. our Flights segment other companies compete forced to the company, long- distance flights especially the gulf countries airline companies quality and reduced- price tickets selling due are hurting stayed. Lufthansa the future period, cheap segment other airline companies about the price competition due to Germanwings and air fleet important part of Lufthansa Another subsidiary and more Cheap flights that perform Eurowings'e carry the agenda started coming. Pilots 1 per year 12 time went on strike the German Pilot' Union Cockpit( VC) with Lufthansa management dispute between therefore one last year pilots, 12 time on strike went and thousands of time cancel had been. Millions of passengers this cancellations affected, the company customer satisfaction at began to decline. union Lufthansa management talks between Lufthansa, Lufthansa Cargo and Germanwings companies running of 5 thousand 400 the pilot retirement transition processes related to deal not be available. Lufthansa company, the early retirement age than 55 to 60, dismissed mean age of the 58 to 61 Want To Remove.
in France air crash
All these economic and union dispute next to Germanwings the airways from Barcelona Düsseldorf to the aircraft of France south of the drop in the company' s prestige and for the future of a great destruction led to. Düsseldorf planned 7 flight accident after the pilots personal reasons the lead to continue and fly does not want due to be performed. Also accident on across Europe in the 30 flight could not be performed. On the other hand, on previously in 1991 economic downturn living in the company, then period Top Executive( CEO) Jürgen Weber' savings and restructuring actions company crisis had removed.
New Report Torn by Germanwings Pilot
In Amsterdam Airtraffic stops!
Amsterdam Schiphol Airport nearly stopped due to huge electricity cutting.In a short period of time they say to fix this fault soon.
Unmanned F16 to Ready to Fly
Thursday, March 26, 2015
Wednesday, March 25, 2015
Non-Flying for 10 Days
Germanwings Blackbox Found
An Airbus plane operated by Lufthansa's Germanwings budget airline has crashed in southern France en route from Barcelona to Dusseldorf, with 150 people on board feared dead.
Germanwings has confirmed 144 passengers, and six crew members were on board flight 4U9525.
French prime minister Manuel Valls said a helicopter that reached the crash site confirmed there were no survivors.
French interior minister Bernard Cazeneuve said that one of the black boxes from the plane has been found, raising hopes of determining the cause of the crash.
"A black box that we found a few hours after the crash will immediately be examined to help the investigation move forward quickly," he told reporters.
He said the crash site would be secured this evening to ensure emergency services could more easily enter the area.
Sunday, March 22, 2015
Amazon Certificated by FAA
US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), gave an experimental airworthiness certificate for the use of UAVs in the distribution of the products it sells to Amazon.
Big Surprise from Easyjet Captain
Strike will be Continued on Lufthansa!
Pilot' union CV, long- distance flights and Lufthansa Cargo's pilots in March 21 on Saturday hours 00.01 with 23.59 of business to leave called for. The union, said the strike thousands of passengers affects regret expressed. passengers ticket transaction for long queues formed by Frankfurt Airport Lutfhansa, travel plans have to change those who cater catering, while the authorities in the waiting for to help worked.
Retirement Transition
Period dispute Lutfhansa and CV# 1 of years ongoing collective bargaining negotiations company running of 5 thousand 400 the pilot retirement transition times in agreement . In Lufthansa, pilots the early retirement age than 55 to 60, dismissed leave the age of the 58 to 61 Want To Remove. The dispute therefore one last year pilots, 12 time on strike went and thousands of time cancel had been. Lutfansa's strikes due to approximately 220 million euros damage that is believed.
Surprise by Lufhansa
The German Airline Lufthansa, the United States Chichago the city, Germany Munich city of his time passengers by surprise. Lufthansa LH 435 time No. O'Hare Airport today shield Airbus A330 type aircraft, passengers sun is kept more comfortable watching for special glasses loaded.
Thursday, March 19, 2015
What Is Boeing's Most Profitable Plane?
Drone selling is up to Max
Big Step of EASA
TURKISH STARS Fascinate in Canakkale
After the Marine parade took the stage for the Turkish Stars. Everyone applauded the show of Turkish Stars entranced audiences with breathtaking movement.
First show that Turkish Stars of the year, this show has opened the 2015 season.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=dvqhhaKbNEs
Wednesday, March 18, 2015
Rynair's Big Plan on America
Military Helicopter of Netherlands Crashed
Netherlands Mali to the United Nations (UN) troops bound tasks that fall of a military helicopter was reported that two soldiers were killed.
Cancelation Flight From Lufthansa
German airline Lufthansa pilots' union called a strike for tomorrow because of his cockpit of tomorrow has canceled 750 flights.
Tuesday, March 17, 2015
Turkish Airlines and Azerbaijan Airlines Signed Codeshare Agreement
Azerbaijan Airlines and Turkish Airlines fly between Turkey and Azerbaijan signed a Code Sharing Agreement, effective as of March 29, with all points.
Azerbaijan Airlines and Turkish Airlines has decided to sign the Code Sharing Agreement expanding the business cooperation between them. Code Sharing Agreement, the combined number of frequency diversity for better connections to passengers and will provide the opportunity to benefit from increased travel flexibility between the two countries.
Monday, March 16, 2015
2 Airplane Collied in Malaysia
Sunday, March 15, 2015
This Weekly Aviation News
Moody’s adds gloss to Qantas high
QANTAS shares have hit their highest level since 2009 as credit agency Moody’s this week predicted ‘positive momentum’.
Crew mistook port for airfield
PILOTS lining up to land a Regional Express plane in Newcastle confused a coal loader with the local airport, a new report reveals.
AirAsia sets course for growth
AIRASIA founder Tony Fernandes says AirAsia Group operations in Australia are back in expansion mode.
Malaysia Air to track flights more closely
MALAYSIA Airlines is cutting the intervals for reporting aircraft positions from 30 minutes to as little as 10 minutes.
Boeing plans to upgrade 777 range
BOEING is improving its existing 777 jetliner to boost fuel efficiency and add more seats in a bid to boost sales.
Paris boost for ICM bag drop technology
AUSTRALIAN bag drop technology company ICM Airport Technics has established a beachhead in continental Europe.
THE proliferation of flat-bed business seats on long-haul airlines means service is again becoming a key differentiator.
Virgin social media key to airline
VIRGIN Australia has installed its social media team in its operations control centre.
Airport welcomes redevelopment approval
SYDNEY Airport has welcomed government approval of a major development plan.
Etihad Airways eyes Nicole Kidman ad campaign boost
Helicopter Crashed in Serbia
Saturday, March 14, 2015
Boeing CEO McNerney got $29M compensation last year
CEO Jim McNerney’s total compensation last year jumped 24% Y/Y to nearly $28.9M, including more than $14M in bonuses, according to an SEC filing. Boeing says it exceeded the internal financial targets used to set executive incentives, even though its share price fell nearly 5% last year. The bulk of McNerney’s increased compensation was in the form of a higher pension value, with stock and option awards broadly flat compared with 2013. Separately, Lockheed Martin (NYSE:LMT) discloses that CEO Marillyn Hewson’s total compensation rose 34% to $33.7M following her second year in charge of the company.
New Direction of Aviation Safety of CASA
Flight Safety Australia caught up with Mark Skidmore, CASA's new Director of Aviation Safety. https://lnkd.in/bhUNg_r
Norsk Orders 3 H135s
Airbus Helicopters is a division of Airbus Group, a global pioneer in aerospace and defense related services. Airbus Helicopters is the world’s No. 1 helicopter manufacturer and employs more than 23,000 people worldwide. With 44 percent market share in civil and parapublic sectors, the company’s fleet in service includes some 12,000 helicopters operated by more than 3,000 customers in more than 150 countries. Airbus Helicopters’ international presence is marked by its 29 customer centers and participations and its worldwide network of service centers, training facilities, distributors and certified agents. Airbus Helicopters’ range of civil and military helicopters is the world’s largest; its aircraft account for one third of the worldwide civil and parapublic fleet. The company’s chief priority is to ensure the safe operation of its aircraft for the thousands of people who fly more than 3 million hours per year.
Tel: + 33 (0)4 42 85 60 51
Mob: + 33 (0)6 23 93 71 23
stephane.chery@airbus.com
Tel: + 49 (0)906 71 4565
Mob: +49 (0)151 6885 4939
Claas.belling@airbus.com
Tel: + 33 (0)4 42 85 51 31
Mob: + 33 (0)6 72 86 68 03
Erin.callender@airbus.com
Tel: +65 6592 7217
Mob: +65 9660 7040
Priscilla.yip@airbus.com
Tel: + 33 (0)4 42 85 25 45
Mob: + 33 (0)6 18 79 75 69
laurence.petiard@airbus.com
Tel: + 49 (0)906 71 2129
Mob: + 49 (0)151 2645 0997
Julia.sailer@airbus.com
Tel: + 33 (0)4 42 85 58 89
Mob: +33 (0) 6 31 47 08 99
gloria.illas@airbus.com
Saab's 2014 Annual Report
“2014 will go down in history as one of Saab’s most important years. It was a year highlighted by groundbreaking deals, important product launches and business successes”-Håkan Buskhe, CEO. Today we published our 2014 Annual Report, read it here: https://lnkd.in/e3nz3yP
Small Airplane Hit Small Skiing Men
Avoriaz resort in the Swiss border with France in a small plane crashed into a person who ski mountain.
The 55-year-old woman's hand was seriously injured in the incident.
Failure shortly after take off aircraft made a forced landing in the ski resort in the French Alps.
Friday, March 13, 2015
Private Aircraft Out of the Runway
Britain's Blackpool Airport Raytheon 390 landing aircraft type specific, yet unknown reason appeared to lawn on the track. While there is no chance of injuries, fire and medical teams intervened accident.
Swiss International Airlines Group Profits Soar
Generated total income from operating activities of CHF 5,212 million in 2014, a slight 1% increase on the previous year. Operating profit amounted to CHF 347 million, up 31% year-on-year, though the improvement is attributable primarily to changes in depreciation policy within the Lufthansa Group. SWISS will be adding numerous new destinations to its network at the end of March, and this summer will see the introduction of a new fare concept for its European routes that is better aligned to today’s customer needs.
Thursday, March 12, 2015
Tiny Cracks Can Be Seen Now
Anthony Croxford Laboratory at the University of Bristol and the tiny cracks in the iron with a new system developed by the team that can even easily observed. To see the ultrasonic monitoring device for materials and to transfer all data to the computer. What is the invention of the metal, which will allow us to understand what was going on, enables engineers to prevent major accidents Based on the small details.
Anthony Croxford subject explained in the following words:
"The principle of operation of the device is very clear. Used to focus the sound waves within the given metal vibration and the sound was giving us clues about the contents of the metal. Now you're getting way more if we give a vibrational harmony with this tool, and we are taking our measures in place by detecting the location of a crack. This technique can be used even if the space shuttle. "
Potential risks, such as the construction of new buildings to be used in the system to eliminate the bridge to relieve.
New Sign for MTU Maintenance with Maldivian MRO Services
Exclusive agreement with Maldivian for CFM56-5 maintenance!
MTU Maintenance will provide Maldivian with MRO services for its CFM56-5B engines as well as engine lease support through MTU’s newly founded engine lease company MTU Maintenance Lease Services B.V.
Read more about here: https://lnkd.in/dRYgXPa
Modified Boeing 747SP by Pratt Whitney Canada Engines
This modified Boeing 747SP is one of two used to flight test Pratt & Whitney and Pratt & Whitney Canada engines. It landed in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada, on March 5 and was deliberately left outside overnight in frigid temperatures. These crucial steps in the engine testing process expose it to environmental conditions impossible to simulate during local ground testing. [Credit: Pierre Trépanier, P&WC Flight Operations]
New Destination of Turkish Airlines
Wednesday, March 11, 2015
Airbus Group Has a Big Backlog -- and That Could Be a Problem
We achieved... a record order book and strong operational performance in most areas. We delivered more commercial aircraft than ever before, including the first A350, and our net orders were, once again, more than twice the number of deliveries."
So wrote Airbus Group Chief Executive Officer Tom Enders in a Feb. 27 press release describing Airbus' (NASDAQOTH: EADSY)financial performance in 2014. And in those few words, he summed up both the opportunity and the risk for Airbus shareholders.
Opportunity and peril
On one hand, yes, Airbus' performance in 2014 was truly impressive. Sales grew 5% at the European airplane builder, while earnings per diluted share soared 61% year over year -- twice the earnings growth seen at archrival Boeing(NYSE: BA). According to S&P Capital IQ data, Airbus is now earning more than a 6.2% profit margin on its commercial aircraft -- nowhere near Boeing's impressive 10.7% Commercial Airplanes operating margin, but a vast improvement over the mere 4.1% margin Airbus pulled down in 2013.
And yet, the comparison to Boeing is even more telling when you consider that, after multiple years of strong airplane sales, both Boeing and Airbus now suffer from the same existential dilemma:
Too many planes on order. Not enough time to build them.
A "nice" problem to have...
A couple of months back, we reviewed Boeing's backlog situation for you, describing how a monster tally of 5,789 planes remaining to be built left Boeing with a backlog of work to be done stretching out, for at least one model of plane, as far as 7.4 years. But if you think that's a "nice" problem to have -- a 7.4-year-long guaranteed revenue stream -- you're going to love Airbus' problem. As described in the company's recent earnings release for 2014, Airbus' backlog now stretches past "> 10 years of deliveries." It's probably even longer than that now -- Airbus says it received a net 28 new orders for aircraft in February, and now has customers awaiting delivery on 6,332 planes.
Addressing this gap between order backlog and order delivery (which grew just 0.5% last year), Airbus announced plans to increase production of its most popular plane, the A320 single-aisle commercial jet, to 50 planes per month in 2017. If that doesn't solve the problem, the company says it may have to up the production rate to 60 per month -- two planes per day.
...but a problem nonetheless
Of course, the A320 is just one of Airbus' plane models, and only one part of the dilemma Airbus faces. Let's take a look at the rest, calculating from what we know about Airbus' order backlog, its current plane production rates, and its announced plans for future production rate increases:
Swipe left/right to view wide tablesPlaneOrder BacklogCurrent Production, in Planes per Month (ppm)Ramping to... Then ramping to...Backlog in Months (approx.)A3205,0854250 ppm in 201760 ppm [maybe?]105.2*A330305106 in 2016**--44.2A3507791.2510 ppm in 2018--107.5A3801632.5----65.2
*A320 backlog will shrink faster with a production rate increase to 60 ppm.
**This is actually a slowdown in A330 production.
Now, there are at least a couple of different ways to look at this data. On one hand, you can see at a glance that Airbus' boast-slash-worry about a "> 10 years" -long backlog is already being put to rest by planned increases in the production of A320 regional jets, and of the new A3250 long-haul airliner. Still, at projected 105 and 107 months' backlogs, respectively, Airbus has a lot more planes that need building than does Boeing. (Boeing's 737 backlog is roughly 88 months long, while its larger 787 stretches out 65 months,)
This is both good news and bad news for Airbus. Good news, because its revenue stream looks longer, and more secure, and more "transparent." (Wall Street analysts love that stuff.) Bad, though, because the longer the time it takes Airbus to deliver planes to its customers, the more time those customers have to rethink whether they really need all those planes they ordered -- and to perhaps cancel their orders.
So the moral to this story? To fully capitalize on its enormous backlog, Airbus really needs to build its planes faster, and deliver them to its customers (and collect payment) sooner. That 0.5% growth in deliveries we saw in 2014 simply isn't going to cut it.
Time to kick it up a notch, Airbus.
1 great stock to buy for 2015 and beyond
2015 is shaping up to be another great year for stocks. But if you want to make sure that 2015 is your best investing year ever, you need to know where to start. That's why The Motley Fool's chief investment officer just published a brand-new research report that reveals his top stock for the year ahead. To get the full story on this year's stock -- completely free -- simply click here.
The End of the "Made-In-China" Era
The 21st century industrial revolution has already begun. Business Insider calls it "the next trillion dollar industry". A new investment video reveals the impossible (but real) technology that could make you impossibly rich. Simply enter your email address below to see the surprise ending:
Source: the fool.com
Tuesday, March 10, 2015
Casa Ame Exam Sample Questions BC Code
BC REVISION QUESTIONS - 1
Q1. According to the ICAO standard atmosphere formula, the temperature decreases as altitude increases. This decrease ?
Actually occurs at the rate of 1.98(C per 1, 000ft increase in altitude.
Is assumed to occur at the rate of 1.98(C per 1, 000ft of altitude increase up to 36, 090ft.
Actually occurs at a rate of 1.98(C per 1, 000ft up to 36, 090ft.
Q2. The capacitance fuel quantity system requires the conversion of imperial gallons to pounds for indicator calibration. This is calculated by the formula ?
Imperial gallons x 8.33 x dielectric constant of fuel.
Imperial gallons x specific gravity x 10.
Imperial gallons x specific gravity x dielectric constant of fuel.
HELICOPTERS collided COMPETITORS OF SURVIVOR
Argentina in the Andes Mountains in La Rioja near two helicopters collided, that there are also 10 people were killed in the accident, including the famous French athletes.
Helicopters France's 'Survivor' (Dropped) program bore the crew and contestants.
Villa Castelli among those who lost their lives in accidents; 2012 London Olympics gold medalist swimming champion Camille Muffat 2008, returning to the Beijing Olympics bronze medalist boxer Alexis Vast There's also the famous sailor Florence Arthaud.
Turkish Airlines Signed for 4 A330-200F
Turkish Airlines announced this morning announced that it and after 4 Airbus A330-200F aircraft type description Airbus agreements will be signed.
Turkish Airlines has signed a firm order for four Airbus A330-200F cargo planes to deal.
Boeing outlines plans to improve current 777 jet, evaluates new midsize jet
Boeing (NYSE:BA) is improving its existing 777 jetlinerwith better fuel efficiency and more seats in an attempt to boost sales before a new version arrives early next decade, says Randy Tinseth, the company's VP of marketing.The changes - including a 1,200-lb. weight reduction and minor aerodynamic improvements - aim to raise the existing jet’s efficiency by 5% per passenger, include a 2% reduction in the amount of fuel needed per flight overall, and accommodate 14 extra seats for aircraft delivered beginning in Q3 of next year.The changes appear designed to try to avoid cutting production while waiting for the new model, as Airbus (OTCPK:EADSF, OTCPK:EADSY) has been forced to do with its smaller A330 wide-body jet.Tinseth also says Boeing is evaluating a possible new mid-market product in a niche between its narrow-body 737 and wide-body 787, saying customers had expressed interest in a jet bigger than a 757 and with 20% more range.
Solar Impulse -2 Completed First Tour
Solar Impulse-2 aircraft landed after a 12 hour flight to the capital of Oman, Muscat. Aircraft will travel all continents in five months, and the Atlantic Ocean, as well as to pass through the Pacific Ocean. Andre Borschberg aircraft to be used alternately with other Swiss pilot Bertrand Piccard.
Pilots will break in different parts of the world, will make the maintenance of the aircraft and the promotion of the use of clean technologies will give the message.
Borschberg, the BBC said in a statement before the departure, "we have a very special plane. Oceans will allow us to overcome. To do this, we may have to fly five days five nights," he said.
Insomnia exam on the ocean
The attempt of the first leg of the 400 kilometers from Abu Dhabi-Oman. Aircraft can do 70 miles per hour. Solar Impulse project has already broke a number of world records. Solar Impulse -1 in 2013 to the United States was the first solar-powered aircraft length. However Solar Impulse-1 from a larger aircraft for the world tour was held.
The new model is 72 meters in wingspan. Aircraft's wingspan larger than the width of the Boeing 747. However Solar Impulse-2 weighs only 2.3 tons. Is said to be critical to the success of the aircraft's weight.
Likewise wing of 17,000 thousand solar cell and lithium ion batteries to be used for night flights also vital.
Atlantic Ocean and the Great Ocean in the dark on the night flight to be made in creating the most challenging part of the record attempt.
Low-speed propeller-powered aircraft to fly non-stop for several days while it is on the ocean. Pilots have to be vigilant at the helm at the start of almost all of the traveling time. Borschberg could Piccard or sleep on a plane more than 20 minutes.
Therefore record attempt will also be an endurance test. The volume of 3.8 cubic meters cockpit. So as a telephone booth.
Video of the tour:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xc8QfLvDksg
Monday, March 9, 2015
Turkish Airlines Announced to Get 4 Cargo Planes
Announced that Turkish Airlines cargo plane intake of 4 pieces. Explaining that the agreement signed with Airbus THY has announced the four A330-200F type aircraft will join the fleet in the next 2 years.
The F-35, F-4 of the TSK PLACE
The fall of the last 10 days the three F-4 fighter aircraft, moved the agenda of discussions on the modernization of aircraft. Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) also decided to step up efforts to disable these aircraft.
Completely out of the inventory of previously predicted that by 2020 the F-4 fighter aircraft, this time, said accident reports can be pulled forward considering. If the location of the F-4 fighter aircraft, which is considered as the future of fighter aircraft and stealth aircraft that will enter the inventory from the 2018 F-35's armor.
Sunday, March 8, 2015
The First 3D Printed Jet Engine
Australian scientists, using the three-dimensional printing technology was able to produce the world's first jet engine.
Three-dimensional printers (3D printer) made the first jet engine technology, Monash University, Emaero Engineering, Federal Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) and Deakin University has emerged as a result of collaboration.
Engine, first held in Geelong Australia's cities Australian International Airshow Avalon Airshow 2015 was exhibited. Fair encounter while browsing jet engine with intense interest, attracted the attention of the corporate giants Boeing and Airbus in the aviation sector.
Jet engine produced in less time using less fuel according to the peers and also lighter than the other.
The world's experts in the field of light metals at the beginning of the jet engine of the team that produced the first three-dimensional printing technology Professor Xinhua Wu, gave information about the invention to the AA correspondent.
Professor Wu, from the aviation sector of the achievements of Australian scientists pointed out that it is very important, "important in two aspects for the industry. The first is to understand the three-dimensional raid the capacity and limits. Secondly succeed if we can reduce the aircraft engine development in a significant manner, especially small For engines, "he said.
Qantas retires plane that made longest commercial flight in history
THE Boeing 747-400 which flew the longest flight in commercial history executed a perfect landing at Illawarra Regional Airport today after what was arguably the world’s shortest hop.
The flight of less than 15 minutes saw QF flight 7474 touched down at the airport south of Sydney, where it will become the world’s first 747-400 to go on public display as a tourist attraction.
Qantas officials described the landing at the shorter Illawarra runway as “bang on target’’ after extensive preparations, including reducing the pressure on the aircraft’s tyres, and research by the flight crew.
Turkish Airlines Aircraft is Rescued
Turkish Airlines aircraft after removal from the area where the air traffic is expected to return to normal in Kathmandu.
🔥Tragic Malaysian Navy Helicopter Collision
Photocredit:RT Two helicopters collided en route to the Malaysian Navy's 90th-anniversary celebrations, resulting in 10 fatalities. Inve...
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Singapore is home to a number of top-rated airlines, including the country's flag carrier, Singapore Airlines. However, in r...
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) Uçakların havada hareket ederken ihtiyacı olan sağa sola olan dönüşleri,yukarı-aşağı hareketini,yunuslama hareketi için gövde ve kanat an...